Urban ecocrriticism ant T.S.Eliot s. The Waste Land

INTRODUCTION: AIM AND PURPOSE OF THE THESIS ...................................... 9

CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................. 15

ECOCRITICISM–THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS ......................................... 15

1.1. ECOCRITICAL VIEWS: THE EARLY STAGES ................................................................ 15

1.2. ECOCRITICAL THEORY: THE LATTER HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ............... 21

1.3.MAJOR ECOCRITICAL CONCEPTS ............................................................................... 33

1.3.1. Urbanature ........................................................................................................ 33

1.3.2. Ecosophy ........................................................................................................... 36

1.3.3. Material Ecocriticism ....................................................................................... 40

1.3.4. Dark Ecology .................................................................................................... 43

1.4 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................. 46

CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................. 49

THE WASTE LAND AS CONTEXTUAL ENVIRONMENT AND TEXTUAL CITY ....................................................................................................................................... 49

2.1. HYPOSTASES OF THE MODERN CITY ......................................................................... 49

2.2. HUMAN AND NONHUMAN URBAN SPACES ................................................................ 59

2.3. BEYOND OPPOSITION: "TOWARD URBANATURAL ROOSTING" .................................. 74

2.4. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 93

CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................. 96

CROSSING THE THRESHOLD BETWEEN THE INSIDE AND THE OUTSIDE AND THE WASTE LAND ............................................................................................. 96

3.1. INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR SPACES ............................................................................. 96

3.2. FROM THE ECOLOGY OF THE MIND TO AN ECOSOPHY OF SUBJECTIVITY ................. 111

3.3. ECOLOGICAL TERRITORIES OF SUBJECTIVITY ......................................................... 126

3.4. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 138

CHAPTER 4 ................................................................................................................ 140

DISCOURSE AND THE TEXT(URE) OF NATURE/CULTURE ............................ 140

4.1."METABOLIC CIRCULATION" – A PREMISE FOR A MATERIAL (POST)HUMAN AND (POST)NATURAL CITY ................................................................................................... 140

4.2. "STORIED MATTER": DISCURSIVE-MATERIAL CONTINUITY BETWEEN CULTURE AND NATURE ......................................................................................................................... 155

4.3. TEXTUAL ETHICS OF ONTO-EPISTEMOLOGICAL RECONCILIATION .......................... 166

4.4. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 176